滑田友（1901~1986），江苏淮阴人，中国现代雕塑大师，中央美术学院教授，雕塑系主任，曾任中国美术家协会理事，中国城市雕塑艺术委员会委员。 　　1924年毕业于江苏第六师范学校美术科，1930年创作《小儿头像》。得到徐悲鸿的赞赏，1930年至1932年担任教育部“保存甪直唐塑委员会”技师，主持苏州甪直保圣寺唐代雕塑的修复工作。并创作《陈散原像》等作品。 　　1933年随徐悲鸿赴法国留学，先后在巴黎国立高等美术学校、巴黎儒里昂美术学院、巴黎刚晓美爱美术研究所学习、研究和创作雕塑，几乎每年有作品入选巴黎春季沙龙、秋季沙龙和独立艺术家沙龙等各大沙龙展览，并多次获得各大沙龙奖项（作品《沉思》获1943年巴黎春季沙龙金奖，《出浴》获1941年巴黎春季沙龙银奖等等），艺术家之友奖金和H.C.资格。他创作的圆雕《轰炸》《母爱》、水彩画《沉思》等多件作品被法国政府收藏，并创作了《农夫（少年中国）》等具有独特个人风格的作品。 　　1948年应徐悲鸿邀请回国任国立北平艺术专科学校教授。 　　1949年以后任中央美术学院教授、雕塑系主任，培养了大批优秀的雕塑家。1952年至1958年北京天安门广场《人民英雄纪念碑》建设期间兼任人民英雄纪念碑美工组副组长，并创作了人民英雄纪念碑浮雕《五四运动》。他创作的作品还有《工农努力生产 建设新中国》《军队向前进》《生产长一寸》等大型浮雕和《保加利亚女教师和朝鲜孤儿》《空军英雄头像》《女生产队长》等。 滑田友艺术年表 1901年 5月8日，出生于江苏淮阴县渔沟镇。 1919年 18岁 7月，考入江苏省立第六师范学校美术科学习。 1924年 23岁 江苏省立第六师范学校美术科毕业。 1924年9月至1929年，曾任教江苏省宿迁县第一小学的美术教员，江苏省立第六师范学校附属小学庶务、会计，江苏省高邮县立第一小学美术教员，教美术（图画、手工）和音乐。 1926年 25岁 在江苏省高邮县立第一小学校庆时利用废物做了“春、夏、秋、冬”四大幅美术手工，影响很大，此后高邮女子师范学校、女师附小由此都请他兼课。 1928年 27岁 受高邮县立第一小学派遣，到上海新华艺专暑期学校学习素描两个月。 1930年 29岁 春，创作木雕《小儿肖像》，后将《小儿肖像》的照片寄给徐悲鸿，受到徐悲鸿赞赏，邀滑田友春假期间赴南京面谈。滑田友到南京拜会徐悲鸿，徐悲鸿应允设法助滑田友赴法留学。徐悲鸿将滑田友《小儿肖像》木雕介绍到1930年《良友画报》上发表。 夏，经徐悲鸿介绍，到上海担任雕塑家江小鹣的助手，帮助其做过《孙中山》、《蒋介石》和《陈树人》等铜像，开始专门雕塑生涯。 秋，任教育部“保存甪直唐塑委员会”雕塑师，主持江苏省甪直镇保圣寺唐塑的修复工作，为期两年。此间结识委员会副会长叶恭绰。 1931年 30岁 8月，与江小鹣合作的《武昌孙中山铜像》建成。 担任上海新华艺专助教，并在研究系学习。 为上海江苏省教育会会长袁希铸造头像。 1932年 31岁 继续兼任上海新华艺专助教。 上海一•二八事变，滑田友在上海花园坊亲眼看见日本飞机轰炸南市的惨景，此经历成为作品雕塑《轰炸》的构思依据。 诗人陈散原八十大寿，徐悲鸿邀请滑田友前往江西庐山牯岭为陈散原塑像，陈散原非常满意。徐悲鸿与三十余位中大教师联名为此像铸铜，以为贺礼。 10月，作品在新华艺专教授作品展览会上展出，同时参展的艺术家有汪亚尘、周碧初、陈抱一、朱屺瞻、徐悲鸿、潘天寿、黄宾虹、张大千、张善孖、江小鹣等。 11月12日，苏州甪直保圣寺唐塑修复完工，江苏甪直保圣寺古物馆开馆。组织这次修复工作的“保存甪直唐塑委员会”举办揭幕式，邀请各方人士参观，获得一致好评。 12月，滑田友去南京访问徐悲鸿，得其资助，获得赴法留学机会。 1933年 32岁 1月28日，随徐悲鸿一道乘轮船离开上海，赴法国留学。 6月，在徐悲鸿的帮助下，作为预备生进入巴黎国立高等美术学校布夏工作室学习。 7月，由王临乙、吕斯百介绍，参加中国留法艺术学会。 圆雕《陈散原像》参加法国巴黎春季沙龙展览。 1934年 33岁 徐悲鸿在法国的展览结束，赴欧洲其他国家办展览时给滑田友寄来回国的旅费，滑田友决定继续留法学习。 6月，以雕塑和素描第一名的成绩考入巴黎国立高等美术学校。 入亨利•布夏工作室 ，师从布夏学习雕塑。 是年起，常到卢浮宫等巴黎各大博物馆和罗丹艺术馆，研究各大名家雕塑。去得最多的是罗丹艺术馆，去了不下数百次。 创作泥塑《爱神》和浮雕《长跪问故夫》（又名《上山采薇芜》）及一些乡土风俗图，其中《长跪问故夫》受到老师好评，翻石膏保存。 秋，搬到坦择巷（passage de Dantzig）楼顶阁楼中居住，与冼星海相邻而居 。 1935年 34岁 年底在巴黎高等美院学习的同时进入私立巴黎儒里昂学院学习，师从雕塑家尼克罗斯（Paul Francois Niclausse）。三个月后，创作等身大雕刻二件。 创作圆雕《黑人像》，1935年获巴黎国立高等美术学校奖。 1936年 35岁 年初，中国留法艺术学会改选，当选学会为秘书。直至 1946年，担任中国留法艺术学会秘书近十年。 组织巴黎中国留法艺术学会学生团体赴伦敦观看中国艺术国际展览会。（此事对赴法中国留学生影响极大） 创作圆雕《沉思》（坐姿），参加 1936年法国巴黎春季沙龙展览，获铜奖。作品后由里昂中法大学收藏。 李石曾帮助滑田友申请到里昂中法大学三年官费补助，于是继续在国立巴黎高等美术学院和巴黎儒里昂学院学习。 作圆雕《男人体》（走像）。该作品参加1937年法国沙龙展览，并获巴黎国立高等美术学校奖。 1937年 36岁 抗日战争爆发，组织学会举办抗日战士寒衣募捐展览会及口罩募捐展览会，所获款物由中国政府转交义勇军（我觉得这也很重要，是很多作品创作的背景）。 创作圆雕《轰炸》（泥塑构图稿）、《轰炸后》（石膏构图稿）和浮雕《南京屠杀》、《日人暴行》、《不食嗟来之食》等。 1938年 37岁 创作圆雕《力》（石膏稿），参加 1938年法国巴黎春季沙龙展览。 创作圆雕《女人体》（仰坐）、《农夫》（浮雕稿）。 创作素描《女人体》（正立）。 1939年 38岁 9月，第二次世界大战爆发，滑田友失掉公费，拟回国，饯行宴上遇里昂中法大学秘书长潘季屏 ，向潘季屏述及欲做大雕塑愿望，潘氏即帮助筹集资费3600法郎。滑田友利用这笔钱和教育部给他的归国路费开始创作大型圆雕《出浴》。 创作反映第二次世界大战的三组浮雕稿《离别》、《医治》和《逃难》。 创作《耕者》（浮雕构图稿）和素描《女人体》（斜坐）、《女人体》。 1940年 39岁 成为国立巴黎高等美术学校研究生，同时开始在罗丹的学生戴士比俄创办的巴黎刚晓美爱美术研究所研究雕塑。 有一位华侨介绍滑田友到一家漆器装饰工厂工作，他每日上午到工厂做工。 创作圆雕《吉普赛女郎头像》。 完成圆雕《出浴》（又名《浴女像》）。 为女友马丹作《葡萄》（浮雕群像），获法国艺术家沙龙展银奖。 创作圆雕《M女士像》，1941年法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列。 1941年 40岁 圆雕《出浴》1941年获法国春季沙龙银奖。 法国装饰名家溥发（Bouvard）聘他合作，到漆器工厂每天工作半日，制作漆器和漆画。他创作的漆器屏风，在法国艺术家沙龙展览会中获得银质奖。 1942年 41岁 浮雕《离别》、《逃难》和《医治》入选法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列。 水彩画《乡土风俗图》入选法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列，收藏家收藏 。 开始创作圆雕《沉思》（站姿） 创作水彩画《杨贵妃》。 1943年 42岁 是年至1947年为刚晓美爱美术研究所研究员，研究雕塑。 创作并完成圆雕《沉思》（站姿），1943年法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列，并获金奖。 获得H.C资格 。《沉思》又获“艺术家之友”奖（Un ami des Artistes）。 1944年 43岁 是年起，专用墨笔线条以书法用笔作画。7分钟所作《沉思》速写陈列于巴黎秋季沙龙，法国教育部收藏。自此，巴黎市艺术总监经常请他为巴黎名人画像。 创作圆雕《女坐像》，中国新闻局驻法办事处收藏。 创作圆雕《女人体》（手在后）和《女人体》（垂手之一）。 创作圆雕《M女士像》胸像（石雕），1944年法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列。 圆雕《陈散原像》参加法国巴黎春季沙龙展览。 1945年 44岁 创作圆雕《女人体》（抱头），完成圆雕《女人体》（垂手之二）。 创作《高髻姑娘》圆雕头像。 创作《赛跑》（浮雕构图稿）。 1946年 45岁 完成圆雕《轰炸》（又名《恐怖》），6月在赛吕舍中艺博物院展览，受到该博物院院长赞美。不久后又在巴黎秋季沙龙陈列，法国国立现代艺术博物院收藏。 3月5日，法国《欧陆每日邮报》撰文高度评价滑田友的雕塑艺术。 6月创作《农夫》（又名《少年中国》），10月在巴黎高等美术学校展览，后又在1947年法国独立沙龙陈列，法国名家收藏。 10月1日至20日，以17件展品参加在巴黎举办“中国留法艺术学会会员作品展览会” ，其中展品《恐怖》（水彩画），为巴黎中法协会收藏。 组织中国留法艺术学会会员作品展览会。 撰写《中国雕塑美术建设计划》一文。 1947年 46岁 春，创作圆雕《母爱》（又名《母与子》），1947年法国巴黎春季沙龙陈列，巴黎市政府收藏。 夏，吴作人赴法国开展览会，徐悲鸿托吴作人当面邀请滑田友回国到北平艺专任教，滑田友遂下定决心回国。 创作圆雕《郭儿头像》、《胡小姐像》和浮雕《范君头像》。 创作墨笔线描《女人体》速写，在1947年法国巴黎秋季沙龙展览。 撰写《我学雕刻的经过》一文，载《世界月刊》第2卷第12期。 1948年 47岁 1月28日，携带大量雕塑作品，从马赛上船回国。 创作圆雕《朱家骅像》、《李宗仁像》、《李宗仁夫人郭德洁像》、《吕夫人头像》（吕斯百夫人马光璇）、《蒋碧薇头像》、《蒋碧薇母亲头像》、《汪听逸像》（汪亚尘女儿）、《黄小姐像》。 5月20日至25日，教育部在南京大学附中礼堂举办《滑田友雕塑作品展》，展出72件雕塑、绘画作品。 6月20日抵达北平，任北平艺专雕塑系教授。 10月10日至10月17日，在北平艺专礼堂德邻堂举办《滑田友雕塑作品》展览会，徐悲鸿亲笔题写“滑田友雕塑展”。 1949年 48岁 担任国立北平艺专雕塑系教授。 4月15日，参加上海美术馆筹备处举办上海市第一届春季美展。 7月，参加中华全国文学艺术工作者代表大会（即第一次文代会），并随文代会东北旅行团到东北参观。 9月23日，给北京城市建设局写信，建议在前门、天安门广场做纪念为国捐躯的人民英雄的雕塑。 创作两块大型浮雕《一直向前》和《生产长一寸》，陈列在全国第一届文代会主席台两侧。 创作大型主题画《耕者有其田》，为开国大典时陈列在天安门城楼两边的四幅大型绘画之一。 1950年 49岁 4月，国立北平艺专与华北大学三部美术系合并成立中央美术学院，滑田友担任中央美术学院雕塑系教授。 7月19日，在中山公园来今雨轩与中央音乐学院钢琴系副教授刘育和举行婚礼。证婚人李可染，主婚人殷尚真 ，来宾有徐悲鸿、王临乙、曾竹韶、王丙召 、吴作人、王朝闻、齐白石等。 创作圆雕《工人与农民》（又名《介绍新农具》），在全国农具展览会展览，《人民画报》发表。 为北京中共中央礼堂的装饰，开始创作浮雕《工农努力生产，建设新中国》。 1951年 50岁 8月，完成浮雕《工农努力生产，建设新中国》创作。 10月至12月，代理中央美术学院雕塑系主任。 11月15日，撰写《我怎么教雕塑实习呢》。 12月，在广西南宁参加土改，创作泥塑《斗地主》、圆雕《劳动模范徐再求》和《战斗英雄徐汉林》。 1952年 51岁 7月至1966年“文化大革命”开始，担任中央美术学院雕塑系主任。 7月至1957年5月，担任北京人民英雄纪念碑美术工作组副组长，创作人民英雄纪念碑《五四运动》浮雕。 完成圆雕《劳动模范徐再求》《战斗英雄像》和泥塑《斗地主》等作品，并在土改展览会上陈列，《斗地主》获二等奖。 创作圆雕《徐汉林烈士像》和《游击队员男头像》。 在北京与叶恭绰先生相逢。叶恭绰写了一首七绝赠滑田友，其中诗句赞他“祇今妙手跨前哲，更见当时杨惠之”。 1953年 52岁 到山东、山西、河南、陕西等地，对云岗石窟、天龙山圣寿寺等中国古代雕塑进行调研。 9月，参加第二届中华全国文学艺术工作者代表大会。 1954年 53岁 创作圆雕《福建男人头像》。 浮雕《工农努力生产建设光辉的新中国》，被选入新中国第一本雕塑集（1954年朝花美术出版社出版）。 1955年 54岁 创作圆雕《站在祖国的前线》，参加全国美术展览会，后陈列于中国革命军事博物馆。 1956年 55岁 创作泥塑《小女》构图稿。 1957年 56岁 开始兼任北京建筑雕塑工厂和中国雕塑工厂顾问。 创作完成人民英雄纪念碑浮雕《五四运动》。 6月至8月，受国家对外文委委托，赴保加利亚访问两个月，走访保加利亚美术家协会、美术学院和雕塑家工作室，进行学术交流和介绍中国雕塑，期间创作圆雕《保加利亚女教师和朝鲜孤儿》构图稿及多个人物圆雕头像，并在中国大使馆举办作品展览会。 创作系列圆雕《红色游击队员》，在全国军事展览会上陈列。 创作《女生产队长》圆雕胸像。 1958年 57岁 冬，参加北京“十大建筑”中国革命历史博物馆雕塑组创作工作（集体创作）。 放大完成圆雕《保加利亚女教师和朝鲜孤儿》，并创作圆雕《青年女生产队长》和《站在祖国最前线》。 创作《十姐妹鼓干劲》，参加小型彩塑展。 1959年 58岁 8月，撰稿《谈雕塑的组织结构美术》在《美术》1959年第8期发表。 9月至10月，在河北省遵化县建明公社劳动，创作浮雕《建明公社在前进》。 10月，参加“全国工业、交通、基建、财贸社会主义建设先进集体、先进生产者代表大会”。 作圆雕《空军英雄头像》。 1960年 59岁 创作圆雕《毛泽东主席胸像》，韶山毛泽东纪念馆藏。（从1960年至1964年滑田友共做了4个不同时期的毛泽东像） 创作圆雕《刘天华夫人头像》和《中国人民站起来了》泥塑稿，并作圆雕《女队长》和《女农民》等头像，作为新教具。 1961年 60岁 4月出席全国艺术教育工作会议。 7月出席全国文艺工作座谈会。 创作圆雕《妇女队长》头像和《戴方巾的女生产队长》头像，作为新教具。 1962年 61岁 8月3日至8月7日，与夫人刘育和一起回淮阴，并访问江苏甪直。 撰写《我对雕塑基本训练的看法》。 创作圆雕《五四运动宣传者》和《中国人民站起来了》构图稿，并携后者参加了小型雕塑展览会。 1963年 62岁 6月至7月访问四川，对乐山大佛等中国古代雕塑进行调研，撰写《传统与继承──四川访古随感》一文。 7月 在家中接待哈尔滨艺术学院美术系雕塑专业师生。 创作圆雕《儿童团放哨》。 将圆雕《中国人民站起来》做成放大稿。 1966年 65岁 作圆雕《刘育和头像》。 1—6月，到河北省邢台市参加四清，回北京时被揪为“反动学术权威”，关进“牛棚”。 1969年 68岁 开始构思创作《毛泽东主席胸像（IV．笑）》。 1975年 74岁 9月，到山西大寨。回来后创作浮雕《战天斗地》泥稿（又名《愚公移山》）。 1976年 75岁 创作浮雕《白求恩》泥塑稿。 1977年 76岁 继续担任中央美术学院雕塑系教学工作。 1978年 77岁 10月1日，与刘育和从北京坐火车直达苏州，重访江苏甪直保圣寺。回北京后立即给中央文物局长王冶秋写信，建议修复苏州甪直保圣寺唐塑，提出中央美术学院可以承担这项任务。 1979年 78岁 秋，参加第四次全国文学艺术工作者代表大会。 1981年 80岁 5月8日，中央美术学院雕塑系师生齐来祝贺八十寿辰。 1986年 85岁 2月19日，病逝于北京。 Hua Tianyou’s Chronological Table 1901，born in Yugou Town，Huaiyin County，Jiangsu Province on May 8th. 1919，18 years old In July，entered Jiangsu Provincial 6th Normal School，Fine Art department. 1924，23 years old Graduated from Jiangsu Provincial 6th Normal School，Fine Art department. From September 1924 to 1929，served as a fine art teacher at the 1st primary school of Suqian County in Jiangsu Province，manager of general affairs and accountant of the primary school affiliated to Jiangsu Provincial 6th Normal School，and fine art teacher of the 1st primary school of Gaoyou County in Jiangsu Province，teaching fine arts（drawing and handcrafts）and music. 1925，25 years old During the anniversary celebration of 1st primary school of Gaoyou County in Jiangsu Province，he made four pieces of crafts featuring “spring，summer，autumn and winter”，which had a great influence. After that，Gaoyou Female Normal School and its affiliated primary school both asked him to give part-time teaching. 1928，27 years old Dispatched by the 1st primary school of Gaoyou County，received two-month sketch training at summer school held by Shanghai Xinhua Art School. 1930，29 years old In spring，created wood carving “Portrait of My Son”，later posted its picture to Xu Beihong and received Xu’s appreciation. Xu invited him to have a face to face talk during the spring break in Nanjing. After their meeting，Xu promised him to help him study in France. Xu Beihong introduced his wood carving “Portrait of My Son” to publish in The Young Companion in 1930. In summer，under Xu’s introduction，he became an assistant for sculptor Jiang Xiaojian in Shanghai，helping to make bronze statues of “Sun Yat-sen”，”Chiang Kai-shek” and “Chen Shuren”. He started his professional sculpture life. In autumn，appointed sculpture master by Ministry of Education of the “Preserve the Tang Dynasty Sculptures of Luzhi Town Committee”；to supervise the restoration work of Tang Dynasty Sculptures of Baosheng Temple in Luzhi Town of Jiangsu Province for 2 years. During that period，he met Ye Gongchuo，vice-president of the committee. 1930，30 years old In August，bronze statue “Sun Yat-sen in Wuchang” collaborated with Jiang Xiaojian was finished. Served as a teaching assistant at Shanghai Xinhua Art School，and studied at its research department. Built a head portrait for Yuan Xitao，president of Shanghai Education Committee in Jiangsu Province. 1931，31 years old Continued to serve as a teaching assistant at Shanghai Xinhua Art School. January 28 Incident broke out in Shanghai，Hua Tianyou saw the tragic of Japanese planes bombarding Nanshi in Huayuanfang of Shanghai，which became material for his sculpture work “Bombing”. At the poet Chen Sanyuan’s 80th birthday，under Xu Beihong’s invitation，Hua Tianyou went to Guling at Mount Lu in Jiangxi Province and made a bust for him. Chen Sanyuan was quite satisfied. Xu Beihong and some 30 other teachers at Zhongshan University casted copper with jointly signed names，presenting that bust as a gift. In October，works displayed at Xinhua Art School Professors’ Work Exhibition. other participated artists include Wang Yachen，Zhou Bichu，Chen Baoyi，Zhu Qizhan，Xu Beihong，Pan Tianshou，Huang Binhong，Zhang Daqian，Zhang Shanzi and Jiang Xiaojian. On November 12，the restoration work of Tang Dynasty Sculptures of Baosheng Temple in Luzhi Town of Jiangsu Province was completed，Antiquities Museum at Baosheng Temple in Luzhi Town of Jiangsu Province opened；the organizer—Preservation Committee of Tang Dynasty Sculptures in Luzhi Town was unveiled，people from all walks of life were invited and gave great comments. In December，he visited Xu Beihong at Nanjing；went to France to study with Xu’s subsidies. 1933，32 years old On January 28th，went to study in France from Shanghai by ship with Xu Beihong. In June，with the help of Xu Beihong，he went to study at the studio of Prof. Bouchard in École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In July，introduced by Wang Linyi and Lv Sibai，entered Chinese Study in France Art Society. Sculpture work “Bust of Chen Sanyuan” took part in the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Exhibition. 1934，33 years old Xu Beihong’s exhibition at France was concluded，Xu sent him returning fees when he went to other countries in Europe to hold exhibitions；he decided to stay in France to continue his study. In June，entered École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris with the highest scores in sculpture and sketch. Entered studio of Henry•Bouchard，and learned sculpture from Bouchard. From this year on，he often went to Louvre Museum，various large museums in Paris and Rodin Art Museum，to study masters’ sculptures. The most frequently visited place is Rodin Art Museum. He went there for more than 100 times. Created clay sculpture “Cupid”，relief sculpture “Asking the Former Husband on Knees”（also known as “Plucking wild Herbs on Hills”）and some pictures on customs of the country，among which “Asking the Former Husband on Knees” was well received by teachers，and preserved in a plaster version. In autumn，he moved to live in the penthouse of passage de Dantzig，neighboring Xian Xinghai. 1935，34 years old At the end of this year，studied at Liste des étudiants de l’Institut franco-chinois de Lyon and learned from Paul Francois Niclausse. Three months later，created two pieces of body-size sculptures. In this year，his sculpture “A Statue of the Black” received Paris National High School Fine Arts Award. 1936，35 years old Early this year，elected as secretary of Chinese Study in France Art Society，until 1946； Led the students from Chinese Study in France Art Society to view the International Exhibition of Chinese Art in London（which had a great influence on the overseas Chinese students in France）. His sculpture work “Meditation”（sitting）won the bronze award of the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Exhibition and was collected by Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon. Li Shi once helped him to get the official subsidies from Institute Franco-Chinois de Lyon for three years，so he continued his study at National Paris Fine Arts College and Liste des étudiants de l’Institut franco-chinois de Lyon. Sculptures “Male Body”（walking）participated in the Saloon Exposition in France and won Paris National High School Fine Arts Award. 1937，36 years old Anti-Japanese war broke out；organized the learned society to held donation exhibition for warriors’ clothes，the money and material raised all came to militia through Chinese government（which I think is quite important and that became the background of many works）. Created sculptures “Bombing”（clay version of composition draft），”After Bombing”（gypsum version of composition draft）relief sculpture “Nanjing Massacre，Japanese Atrocities” and “Refuse Food Handed Out in Contempt”. 1938，37 years old Created sculpture work “Force”（gypsum version）；participated the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Display in 1938. Created sculpture work “Female Body”（sitting）and “Farmer”（embossment）. Created sketch “Female Body”（standing straight）. 1939，38 years old In September，the World War II broke out，Hua Tianyou lost government subsidy and planned to go back home. At the farewell dinner，met Pan Jiping，general secretary of Institut Franco-Chinois de Lyon. He expressed his wish of making large sculptures；Pan then raised 3600 francs for him，with which and the travelling expenses that Ministry of Education gave him；he created large sculpture “After the Bath”. Created embossments representing the World War II “Departure”，”Healing” and “Refugees”. Created “Tiller”（embossment，composition draft），sketch “Female Body”（sitting）and “Female Body”. 1940，39 years old Became postgraduate at École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris，at the same time，studied sculpture at Grande Chaumière founded by Rodin’s student Despiau. An overseas Chinese introduced him to work at a lacquer decoration factory；every morning he went there to work until noon. Created sculpture “Head Portrait of a Gypsy Woman”. Finished sculpture “After the Bath”（also known as “Portrait of a Girl after Bath”）. Created “Grapes”（group embossment）for his girlfriend；won the silver award on France Artists Salon. Created sculpture “Portrait of Lady M”；displayed at Paris Spring Arts Saloon Display in 1941. 1941，40 years old Sculpture “After the Bath” won the silver award of the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Exhibition. Famous French decorator Bouvard employed him to collaborate；everyday he worked at the lacquer factory half a day，making lacquerware and lacquer painting；a lacquer screen he created won the silver award on France Artists Salon. 1942，41 years old Embossments “Departure”，”Healing” and “Refugees” into the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Display. Watercolor painting “Picture on the Custom of the Country” selected into the Paris Spring Arts Saloon Display；collected by collectors. Started the creation of sculpture work “Meditation”（standing）. Created watercolor painting “Lady Yang”. 1943，42 years old Worked as a researcher at Grande Chaumière from this year to 1947 “Meditation”（standing）was selected into Paris Spring Arts Saloon in 1943 and won gold award. Received H.C qualification. “Meditation” won prize from “Artists’ Friends”（Un ami des Artistes）. 1944，43 years old From this year on，he specifically painted with writing brush techniques；created sketch “Meditation” with seven minutes and it was exhibited in Paris Autumn Arts Saloon Exhibition；since then，art director of Paris often asked him to paint the celebrities in Paris. Created sculpture “Portrait of a Sitting Girl”，collected by the office of China News Bureau in France . Created sculpture “Female Body”（hands at back）and Female Body（hands down 1）. Created sculpture “Portrait of Lady M”，a bust（stone carving）；displayed at Paris Spring Arts Saloon. Sculpture “Bust of Chen Sanyuan” participated at Paris Spring Arts Saloon. 1945，44 years old Created sculpture “Female Body”（holding head）；finished sculpture “Female Body”（hands down 2）. Created sculpture bust “Girl with High Bun”. Created “Race”（composition draft of embossment）. 1946，45 years old In June，sculpture “Bombing”（also named “Terror”）exhibited at Paris Sino France Art Museum and received praise from the curator，later displayed at Paris Autumn Arts Saloon，collected by National Contemporary Art Museum of France. On March 5th，French Continental Daily Mail spoke highly of Hua Tianyou’s sculpture art. In June，created “Farmer”（also known as “Youth China”），exhibited at École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris，later displayed at French Independent Salon in 1947；collected by French celebrities. From October 1 to October 10，17 of his works took part in the “Chinese Study-in-France Art Society Exhibition” held in Pairs，watercolor painting “Horror” collected by Sino-French Association in Paris. Organized the exhibition on member works from Chinese Study in France Art Society（Exposition des ouvres des members de des l’association artistes chinois en France）. Wrote “Construction Plan on Chinese Sculpture Fine Art”. 1947，46 years old In spring，created sculpture “Maternal Love”（also known as “Mother and Son”），displayed at Paris Spring Arts Saloon Exposition，and collected by Paris municipality. In summer，Wu Zuoren went to France；Xu Beihong asked Wu to invited Hua Tianyou to teach at Peiping National Art School in person；Hua then decided to go home. Created sculpture “Head Portrait of Guo’er”，”Portrait of Miss Hu” and embossment “Head Portrait of Mr. Fan”. Created sketch “Female Body” with ink lines；exhibited at Paris Autumn Arts Saloon. Wrote “How I Learned Sculpture”；published at periodical 12 of the 2nd volume at World Monthly. 1948，47 years old On January 28th went home with a large amount of sculptures by ship from Marseilles. Created sculptures “Zhu Jiahua Bust”，”Li Zongren Bust”，”Li Zongren’s Wife Guo Dejie Bust”，”Head Portrait of Mrs. Lyu”，Head Portrait of Jiang Biwei”，”Jiang Biwei’s Mother’s Head Portrait”，”Wang Tingyi Bust”（daughter of Wang Yachen），”Ms Huang’s Bust”. From May 20th to May 25th，Ministry of Education held Hua Tianyou Sculpture Exhibition at school hall of the affiliated middle school of Nanjing University. 72 pieces of sculptures and paintings were displayed. On June 20th，went to Peiping and became professor in the Sculpture Department of the Peiping National Art School. From October 10th to October 17th，Hua Tianyou Sculpture Exhibition held at school Hall of Peiping National Art School. Xu Beihong inscribed the exhibition name. 1949， 48 years old Appointed as professor of the sculpture department of Peiping National Art School. On April 15，participated at the first spring Fine Arts Exhibition held by the preparatory office of Shanghai Art Museum. In July，participated the congress of national art and literature workers，and went to China’s Northeast with its travelling group. On September 23rd，wrote to Beijing City Construction Bureau，in which suggested to build a monument to the heroes who died for our country at Qianmen and Tian’anmen Square. Created two large embossments “Keep Moving Forward” and “Enhancing Production”；displayed at the two sides of the platform of the 1st congress of national art and literature workers. Created large scaled thematic painting “Farmers Have Their Lands”，which was one of the four large-scale paintings displayed beside Tian’anmen Tower during the Founding Ceremony of PRC. 1950，49 years old In April，Peiping National Art School and the Fine Arts department of North China University integrated into Central Academy of Fine Arts；appointed as professor of the Sculpture Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. On July 19，tied the knots with Liu Yuhe，associate professor of the Piano Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts at Laijinyuxuan Pavillion，Zhongshan Park；Li Keran was the witness of the wedding，Yin Shangzhen was the preside，other guests included Xu Beihong，Wang Linyi，Zeng Zhushao，Wang Bingzhao，Wu Zuoren，Wang Zhaowen，Qi Baishi，etc. Created sculpture “Worker and Farmer”（also known as “Introducing New Farm Tools”）；displayed at National Farm Tool Exhibition；published at China Pictorial. Decorated the Hall of CPC Central Committee；started to create embossment “Worker and Farmer Work Hard to Build a New China”. 1951，50 years old In August，finished embossment “Worker and Farmer Work Hard to Build a New China”. From October to December，appointed the acting head of the Sculpture Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. On November 15，wrote “How I Teach Sculpture Field Work”. In December，participated the land reformation in Nanjing，Guangxi Province；created clay sculpture “Fighting Landlords”，sculpture “Model Worker Xu Zaiqiu and Combat Hero Xu Hanlin”. 1952，51 years old In July，he was appointed the head of the Sculpture Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts until the outbreak of the “Cultural Revolution” in 1966. From July this year to May in 1957，appointed as vice director of art group of the Monument to People’s Heroes，created embossment “May 4th Movement”. Finished sculptures “Model Worker Xu Zaiqiu”，”Portrait of Combat Heroes” and clay sculpture Fighting Landlords；displayed at the land reformation exhibition；”Fighting Landlords” won the second prize Created sculpture Portrait of martyr “Xu Hanlin” and “Head Portraits of Male Guerrilla”. Met Mr. Ye Gongchuo in Beijing. Ye Gongchuo wrote a poem（a four-line poem with seven characters a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme）for him，among which two sentences praised him to be “the skills even surpassed the former masters and we could see the contemporary Yang Huizhi in the artworks”. 1953，52 years old Travelled to Shandong，Shanxi，Henan and Shaanxi，making research on ancient Chinese sculptures such as Yungang Grottoes and Shengshou Temple at Tianlong Mountain. In September，participated the 2nd Congress of National Art and Literature Workers. 1954，53 years old Created sculpture work “Head Portrait of a Wujian Man”. “Embossment Worker and Farmer Work Hard to Build a New China” was selected into the first sculpture collection of New China（published by Zhaohua Fine Arts Publishing House in 1954）. 1955，54 years old Created sculpture “Standing on the Front Line of Motherland”，participated national art exhibition，later displayed at the Military Revolutionary Museum of Chinese People. 1956，55 years old Created composition draft of the clay version “Little Daughter”. 1957，56 years old Employed as consultant at Beijing Construction Sculpture Factory and China Sculpture Factory. finished embossments on the Monument to People’s Heroes : “May 4th Movement”. From June to August，went to visit Bulgaria under the assignment of National Foreign Culture Committee；during which created composition draft of sculpture “Bulgarian Female Teacher and North Korean Orphan” and many figure head sculptures and held exhibitions at the Chinese Embassy. Created serial sculpture “Red Guerrilla”；displayed at “National Military Exhibition”. Created sculpture bust of “Female Production Team Leader”. 1958，57 years old In winter，participated in the creating work of “Ten Major Constructions” with the museum to Chinese revolutionary history. Amplified the finished sculpture “Bulgarian Female Teacher and North Korean Orphan”；created “Youth Female Production Team Leader” and “Standing on the Front Line of Motherland”. Created “Inspired Ten Sisters”；participated at small scale color sculpture exhibition. 1959，58 years old In August，”On Organization and Structure of Sculpture” published at the 8 period in Fine Arts magazine in 1959. From September to October，worked at Jianming Commune in Zunhua County，Hebei Province；created embossment Jianming Commune is Advancing. In October，participated the Congress of National Advanced Groups and Representatives on Industry，Communication，Infrastructure，Finance and Trade. Created sculpture “Head Portrait of Airforce Hero”. 1960，59 years old Created sculpture “Bust of Chairman Mao”，collected at Mao Zedong Memorial Hall（he made four different portraits of Chairman Mao from 1960 to 1964 ）. Created sculpture “Head Portrait of Liu Tianhua’s Wife” and clay version of “The Chinese People Have Stood up”；made sculpture “Female Captain” and head portraits like “Female Farmer” as new teaching aids. 1961，60 years old In April，attended the national art education meeting. In July，attended the national art work symposium. Created head portrait sculpture “Female Captain” and “Female Production Team Leader with a Square Scarf” as new teaching aids. 1962，61 years old From August 3 to August 7，went back to Huaiyin with his wife Liu Yuhe and visited Luzhi Town of Jiangsu Province. Wrote “My Opinion on the Basic Training of Sculpture”. Created sculpture “May 4th Movement Advocates” and the composition draft of “The Chinese People Have Stood up”，and took the latter work at a small sculpture exhibition. 1963，62 years old From June to July，made research on Chinese ancient sculptures，including the Giant Stone Buddha at Leshan Mountain，and wrote “Tradition and Inheritance-Thoughts on Visiting Sichuan’s Relics”. Received faculty and students from Sculpture Department at the Harbin Art School. Created sculpture “the Children’s Corps Keep Watch”. Amplified the sculpture “The Chinese People Have Stood up”. 1966，65 years old Created sculpture “Head Portrait of Liu Yuhe”. From January to June，participated Cleaning Politics，Economics，Organization and Ideology Movement at Xingtai，Hebei Province；regarded as a “proactive academic authority” when he came back and kept at a “cowshed”. 1969，68 years old Started the creation of “Bust of Chairman Mao”（IV．smile）. 1975，74 years old Went to Dazhai village in Shanxi Province and created the clay version of embossment “Combat Nature”（also known as “Faith Will Move Mountains”）. 1976，75 years old Created the clay version of embossment “Doctor Norman Bethune”. 1977，76 years old Continued teaching at the Sculpture Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts. 1978，77 years old On October 1，went to Suzhou with Liu Yuhe by train；revisited Baosheng Temple in Luzhi Town of Jiangsu Province；immediately wrote to Wang Yeqiu，director of Central Relics Bureau，suggesting restoring the Tang Dynasty Sculptures there and proposed that the Central Academy of Fine Arts can take the job. 1979，78 years old In autumn，participated the 4th congress of national art and literature workers. 1981，80 years old On May 8th，faculty and students from Sculpture Department at the Central Academy of Fine Arts came together to celebrate his 80th birthday. 1986，85 years old On February 19th，Hua Tianyou passed away in Beijing for illness.